Lists of most common surnames in European countries
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This article contains lists of the most common surnames in most of the countries of Europe, including Armenia, Kosovo, and five transcontinental countries but excluding five European microstates. Countries are arranged in alphabetical order.
Albania
[edit]At the moment, listings for the most common names are unavailable for Albania. However the most common names include the following:
- Common names denoting profession. Of these, religious professional names have been particularly widespread, including Hoxha (a Muslim priest, Sunni or Bektashi, with its variant Hoxhaj), Prifti (a Christian priest, Catholic or Orthodox), Shehu (a Bektashi priest) and Dervishi (Bektashi clergy). Bektashi itself is also a common surname. Ironically, Hoxha was the surname of Enver Hoxha, the leader of Communist Albania who banned all religions. There are numerous other professional names which are not as common. Begu also denotes a former ruler and also the surname(s) Gjoni or Gjonaj.
- Common names which originated as patrinomials. Common names of this sort include Leka or Lekaj (Alex), Gjoni or Gjonaj (John), Murati (Murad), Mehmeti (Mehmed), Hysi (typically short for Hussein), Gjika/Gjoka (short for Jacob, cf Jake), Marku (Mark), Kola/Kolla/Nikolla (Nicholas), Hasani (Hassan), Kristi/Kristo, Luka (Lucas), Brahimi (Abraham, from Turkish), Sinani, Thanasi (Athanasius), Halili (Halil), and Abazi (Abbas). Albanians of Muslim background often bear Christian last names (denoting former Christian origin), and those with Christian often bear Muslim last names (which many in Northern regions adopted thinking it would lead to better treatment from the Ottoman authorities), although the holders of Bektashi surnames are usually actually of Bektashi background
- Common names which originated as place names. May denote former residence, or, if the bearer has a Muslim patrilineal background, that their ancestors ruled the place. Common places used as surnames include Dibra, Laci, Shkodra, Prishtina, Delvina, Koroveshi and Permeti, as well as the famous Frasheri surname of the Frasheri family. Additionally common some names indicate regional origins: Gega/Gegaj (for one of Gheg origin), Tosku/Toskaj (signifying Tosk origin) and Chami (for Cham origin).
- Some common names are Northern Albanian clan names that double as place names such as Kelmendi and Shkreli. Other notable clan-origin names include Berisha, Krasniqi and Gashi. These sorts of names are very common in far Northern Albania and in Kosovo.
- Colors: of which Kuqi (red) and Bardhi (white) are the most commonly used as surnames.
| Rank | Surname | Note (equivalent or else meaning) |
|---|---|---|
| * | Hoxha | a Muslim priest, Sunni or Bektashi, with its variant Hoxhaj |
| * | Prifti | a Christian priest, Catholic or Orthodox |
| * | Shehu | a Bektashi priest |
| * | Dervishi | Bektashi clergy |
| * | Bektashi | follower of Bektashism |
| * | Begu | |
| * | Gjoni or Gjonaj | John |
| * | Leka or Lekaj | Alex |
| * | Gjoni or Gjonaj | John |
| * | Murati | Murad |
| * | Mehmeti | Mehmed |
| * | Hysi | short for Hussein |
| * | Gjika/Gjoka | short for Jacob, cf Jake |
| * | Marku | Mark |
| * | Kola/Kolla/Nikolla | Nicholas |
| * | Hasani | Hassan |
| * | Kristi/Kristo | Christian |
| * | Luka | Lucas |
| * | Brahimi | Abraham, from Turkish |
| * | Sinani | |
| * | Thanasi | Athanasius |
| * | Halili | Halil |
| * | Abazi | Abbas |
| * | Dibra | from Dibër |
| * | Laçi | from Laç |
| * | Shkodra | from Shkodër |
| * | Prishtina | from Pristina |
| * | Delvina | from Delvinë |
| * | Koroveshi | |
| * | Përmeti | from Përmet |
| * | Frashëri | from Frashër |
| * | Gega/Gegaj | of Gheg origin or son of Gegë |
| * | Toska/Toskaj | signifying Tosk origin |
| * | Çami | Cham origin |
| * | Kelmendi | |
| * | Shkreli | |
| * | Berisha | |
| * | Krasniqi | from the namesake settlement (of Serbian origin) |
| * | Gashi | |
| * | Kuqi | red |
| * | Bardhi | white |
Armenia
[edit]| Rank | Name | Armenian | Root name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grigoryan | Գրիգորյան | Grigor (Gregory) |
| 2 | Harutyunyan | Հարությունյան | Harutyun ("resurrection") |
| 3 | Sargsyan | Սարգսյան | Sargis (Sergius) |
| 4 | Hovhannisyan | Հովհաննիսյան | Hovhannes (John) |
| 5 | Khachatryan | Խաչատրյան | Khachatur ("given by cross") |
| 6 | Hakobyan | Հակոբյան | Hakob (Jacob) |
| 7 | Petrosyan | Պետրոսյան | Petros (Peter) |
| 8 | Vardanyan | Վարդանյան | Vardan |
| 9 | Gevorgyan | Գեւորգյան | Gevorg (George) |
| 10 | Karapetyan | Կարապետյան | Karapet ("forerunner") |
| 11 | Mkrtchyan | Մկրտչյան | Mkrtich ("baptist") |
| 12 | Ghazaryan | Ղազարյան | Ghazar (Lazarus) |
| 13 | Manukyan | Մանուկյան | Manuk ("child") |
| 14 | Avetisyan | Ավետիսյան | Avetis/Avetik ("good news") |
| 15 | Poghosyan | Պողոսյան | Poghos (Paul) |
| 16 | Martirosyan | Մարտիրոսյան | Martiros ("martyr") |
| 17 | Sahakyan | Սահակյան | Sahak (Isaac) |
| 18 | Arakelyan | Առաքելյան | Arakel ("apostle") |
| 19 | Margaryan | Մարգարյան | Margar |
| 20 | Davtyan | Դավթյան | Davit (David) |
Austria
[edit]The forty-one most common surnames in Austria as published in 2006 are shown below beside the approximate percentage of the Austrian population sharing each surname.[2]
| Rank | Surname | Meaning | Approximate percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gruber | one who lives in the valley | 0.3991 |
| 2 | Huber | land-owning farmer | 0.3873 |
| 3 | Bauer | farmer | 0.3373 |
| 4 | Wagner | Wainwright | 0.3100 |
| 5 | Müller | Miller | 0.3012 |
| 6 | Pichler | one who lives on or by a hill | 0.2753 |
| 7 | Steiner | one who dwells by the stone | 0.2713 |
| 8 | Moser | one who lives on moorland | 0.2674 |
| 9 | Mayer | a variant of Meier | 0.2653 |
| 10 | Hofer | probably for steward, property or horse maintenance, even blacksmith or related | 0.2479 |
| 11 | Leitner | one who lives at a hillside | 0.2429 |
| 12 | Berger | one who lives in the mountains | 0.2383 |
| 13 | Fuchs | Fox | 0.2250 |
| 14 | Eder | one who lives in a barren land | 0.2144 |
| 15 | Fischer | Fisher | 0.2141 |
| 16 | Schmid | blacksmith | 0.2115 |
| 17 | Winkler | a small trader | 0.2015 |
| 18 | Weber | weaver | 0.1995 |
| 19 | Schwarz | black | 0.1961 |
| 20 | Maier | a variant of Meier | 0.1946 |
| 21 | Schneider | tailor | 0.1915 |
| 22 | Reiter | horse rider or 'from the forest clearing' (-reuth) | 0.1790 |
| 23 | Mayr | a variant of Meier | 0.1751 |
| 24 | Schmidt | Smith | 0.1740 |
| 25 | Wimmer | Vintner | 0.1628 |
| 26 | Egger | Ploughman | 0.1610 |
| 27 | Brunner | one dwells by a water well | 0.1602 |
| 28 | Lang | long | 0.1599 |
| 29 | Baumgartner | Forrester (lit. 'tree gardener') | 0.1586 |
| 30 | Auer | 'from the meadow' | 0.1555 |
| 31 | Binder | Cooper | 0.1458 |
| 32 | Lechner | variant of Lehner | 0.1435 |
| 33 | Wolf | Wolf | 0.1395 |
| 34 | Wallner | pos. 'forest dweller' Waldenare or a variant of Waldemar | 0.1394 |
| 35 | Aigner | allodial title | 0.1386 |
| 36 | Ebner | 'from the plateau or flatland' | 0.1342 |
| 37 | Koller | 'charcoal maker', variant of Kohler | 0.1301 |
| 38 | Lehner | a feudal land holder, see also Lehnsmann | 0.1268 |
| 39 | Haas | Hare | 0.1261 |
| 40 | Schuster | Cobbler | 0.1168 |
| 41 | Heilig | Holy | 0.1161 |
Azerbaijan
[edit]| Rank[3] | Surname | Romanization | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Məmmədov | Mammadov | son of Mammad |
| 2 | Əliyev | Aliyev | son of Ali |
| 3 | Hüseynov | Huseynov | son of Hüseyn |
| 4 | Həsənov | Hasanov | son of Hasan |
| 5 | Quliyev | Guliyev | son of Qulu |
| 6 | İsmayılov | Ismayilov | son of Ismayil |
| 7 | Əhmədov | Ahmadov | son of Ahmad |
| 8 | Abdullayev | Abdullayev | son of Abdulla |
| 9 | Abbasov | Abbasov | son of Abbas |
| 10 | Cəfərov | Jafarov | son of Jafar |
Belarus
[edit]Statistics available for the Belarusian capital of Minsk only:[4]
| Rank | Surname in Russian | Surname in Belarusian | Romanization | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Иванов | Іваноў | Ivanoŭ | 7,000 |
| 2 | Козлов | Казлоў | Kazloŭ | 4,700 |
| 3 | Ковалёв | Кавалёў | Kavalioŭ | 4,300 |
| 4 | Козловский | Казлоўскі | Kazloŭski | 3,900 |
| 5 | Новик | Новік | Novik | 3,300 |
Belgium
[edit]Belgium is a European nation composed of three main regions: Flemish Region (Flanders), Walloon Region (Wallonia), and Brussels-Capital Region. Flanders has a Dutch-language tradition, while Wallonia has a French-language tradition. The Brussels-Capital Region is a mix of both Dutch- and French-language influences, with a large influx of foreign names. These different linguistic backgrounds are reflected in differing frequencies of surnames, as shown in the table below. On 31 December 1997 there were 316 295 different surnames in Belgium (total population: 11,521,238).
- Note — the following table contains the ten most common surnames in each of the three federal regions as of 1 January 2021.[5][6]
| Rank | Surname | Population | Language | Meaning | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Brussels | Flanders | Wallonia | ||||
| 1 | 8 | 1 | 63 | Peeters | 31,079 | Dutch | (son) of Peter [earlier form: Peeter] |
| 2 | 6 | 2 | 52 | Janssens | 28,532 | Dutch | (son) of John |
| 3 | 20 | 3 | 66 | Maes | 24,594 | Dutch | (son) of Thomas [earlier form: Thomaes] |
| 4 | 13 | 4 | 88 | Jacobs | 19,077 | Dutch | (son) of Jacob / James |
| 5 | 17 | 6 | 66 | Mertens | 17,906 | Dutch | (son) of Maarten [earlier form: Merten] |
| 6 | 39 | 5 | 65 | Willems | 17,747 | Dutch | (son) of Willem |
| 7 | 79 | 7 | 102 | Claes | 15,798 | Dutch | (son) of Nicolaas [earlier form: Niclaes] |
| 8 | 33 | 9 | 124 | Goossens | 15,269 | Dutch | (son) of Goos |
| 9 | 68 | 8 | 181 | Wouters | 14,999 | Dutch | (son) of Walter |
| 10 | 57 | 10 | 259 | De Smet | 13,484 | Dutch | the smith |
| 13 | 7 | 237 | 1 | Dubois | 12,387 | French | of the forest |
| 17 | 21 | 262 | 2 | Lambert | 11232 | French | bright land |
| 21 | 22 | 162 | 4 | Dupont | 9,795 | French | of the bridge |
| 31 | 9 | 546 | 3 | Martin | 8,677 | French | of or pertaining to the Roman god Mars |
| 36 | 1 | 295 | 109 | Diallo | 8,159 | Fula | unclear (one of four common Fula surnames) |
| 37 | 15 | 1134 | 5 | Simon | 7,533 | French | |
| 40 | 25 | 797 | 7 | Dumont | 7,389 | French | of the mountain |
| 45 | 30 | 1283 | 6 | Leclercq | 7,117 | French | the clerk |
| 47 | 29 | 1119 | 8 | Laurent | 6,785 | French | from Laurentum |
| 50 | 35 | 944 | 10 | Denis | 6,636 | French | Derived from Greek god of wine, Dionysus, but original etymology unclear |
| 59 | 87 | 1638 | 9 | Lejeune | 6,246 | French | the young one |
| 119 | 2 | 564 | 381 | Bah | 4,516 | Fula | unclear (one of four common Fula surnames) |
| 234 | 3 | 1010 | 370 | Barry | 3,332 | Fula | unclear (one of four common Fula surnames) |
| 318 | 5 | 1114 | 268 | Nguyen | 2,736 | Vietnamese | Sino-Vietnamese 阮 ('ruan') |
| 451 | 4 | 1751 | 999 | Sow | 2,132 | Fula | unclear (one of four common Fula surnames) |
| 956 | 10 | 2482 | 2970 | Benali | 1,267 | Arabic | son of Ali |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
[edit]Bosniaks
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hodžić | Imam |
| 2 | Hadžić | Hajji |
| 3 | Čengić | Turkish for Genghis |
| 4 | Delić | son of a delija (brave) |
| 5 | Demirović | son of Demir |
| 6 | Kovačević | son of the blacksmith |
| 7 | Tahirović | son of Tahir |
| 8 | Ferhatović | son of Ferhat |
| 9 | Muratović | son of Murat |
| 10 | Ibrahimović | son of Ibrahim |
| 11 | Hasanović | son of Hasan |
| 12 | Mehmedović | son of Mehmed |
| 13 | Salihović | son of Salih |
| 14 | Terzić | tailor |
| 15 | Ademović | son of Adem |
| 16 | Adilović | son of Adil |
| 17 | Delemović | son of Delem |
| 18 | Zukić | |
| 19 | Krličević | |
| 20 | Suljić | son of Suliman (Salomon) |
| 21 | Ahmetović | son of Ahmad |
Serbs
[edit]The following names are the most common names for Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina.[7]
| Rank | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kovačević | son of the blacksmith |
| 2 | Subotić | of Saturday |
| 3 | Savić | son of Sava |
| 4 | Popović | son of the priest |
| 5 | Jovanović | son of Jovan |
| 6 | Petrović | son of Petar |
| 7 | Đurić | son of Đura |
| 8 | Babić | of grandmother, old woman |
| 9 | Lukić | son of Luka |
| 10 | Knežević | son of the prince |
| 11 | Marković | son of Marko |
| 12 | Ilić | son of Ilija |
| 13 | Đukić | son of Đuka |
| 14 | Vuković | son of Vuk/ of wolf |
| 15 | Vujić | son of Vujo |
| 16 | Simić | son of Simo |
| 17 | Radić | son of Rade |
| 18 | Nikolić | son of Nikola |
| 19 | Marić | son of Mara |
| 20 | Mitrović | son of Mitar |
| 21 | Tomić | son of Toma/Tomo |
| 22 | Božić | son of Božo |
| 23 | Golubović | of dove/pigeon |
| 24 | Mirković | son of Mirko |
Bulgaria
[edit]Feminized names included (m. Dimitrov – f. Dimitrova). Figures are from 2018 and provided by the Bulgarian National Statistics Institute.[8]
| Rank | Surname | Transliteration | Number of males | Number of females |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Иванов/Иванова | Ivanov/Ivanova | 136,125 | 141,183 |
| 2 | Георгиев/Георгиева | Georgiev/Georgieva | 105,209 | 108,302 |
| 3 | Димитров/Димитрова | Dimitrov/Dimitrova | 101,020 | 104,754 |
| 4 | Петров/Петрова | Petrov/Petrova | 67,804 | 71,082 |
| 5 | Николов/Николова | Nikolov/Nikolova | 58,189 | 61,339 |
| 6 | Христов/Христова | Hristov/Hristova | 53,818 | 57,034 |
| 7 | Стоянов/Стоянова | Stoyanov/Stoyanova | 53,088 | 56,387 |
| 8 | Тодоров/Тодорова | Todorov/Todorova | 52,139 | 54,275 |
| 9 | Илиев/Илиева | Iliev/Ilieva | 44,732 | 46,343 |
| 10 | Ангелов/Ангелова | Angelov/Angelova | 43,985 | 45,629 |
Croatia
[edit]| Rank[9][10][11] | Frequency | Surname | Surname derivation[12] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21,618 | Horvat | ethnic name for a Croat |
| 2 | 15,160 | Kovačević | patronymic, from kovač 'blacksmith' |
| 3 | 12,840 | Babić | matronymic, or nickname, from baba '(old) woman', 'grandmother' |
| 4 | 11,555 | Marić | 1. matronymic, from Mara – short variant of Marija 'Mary'; 2. patronymic, from Maro – short variant of Marije 'Marius' or Marijan 'Marianus' |
| 5 | 11,163 | Jurić | patronymic, from Jure or Juro – regional variants of Juraj 'George' |
| 6 | 10,794 | Novak | 1. a newcomer, from novy 'new'; 2. topographic name, for peasant who settled on newly cleared land |
| 7 | 10,546 | Kovačić | patronymic, from kovač 'blacksmith' |
| 8 | 10,334 | Knežević | from knez 'prince' or 'duke' |
| 9 | 10,191 | Vuković | patronymic, from Vuk – ancient Slavic name meaning 'wolf' |
| 10 | 9,854 | Marković | patronymic, from Marko 'Marcus' |
| 11 | 9,614 | Petrović | patronymic, from Petar and Peter |
| 12 | 9,960 | Matić | patronymic, from Matija 'Matthias' or Matej 'Matthew'; or possibly from their short variants Mate or Mato |
| 13 | 9,464 | Tomić | patronymic, from Tomo or Toma 'Thomas' |
| 14 | 8,601 | Pavlović | patronymic, from Pavao, Pavle, and Pavel 'Paul' |
| 15 | 8,542 | Kovač | occupational name, from kovač 'blacksmith' |
| 16 | 8,258 | Božić | patronymic, from Božo (from bozhy meaning 'of God') |
| 17 | 8,152 | Blažević | patronymic, from Blaž lat. Blasius 'Blaise' |
| 18 | 8,010 | Grgić | patronymic, from Grga or Grgo – short variants of Grgur 'Gregory' |
| 19 | 7,538 | Pavić | patronymic, from Pavo – short or regional variant of Pavao 'Paul' |
| 20 | 7,406 | Radić | patronymic, from Rade (Slavic name meaning 'happy') |
| 21 | 7,351 | Perić | patronymic, from Pero (Peter) |
| 22 | 7,321 | Filipović | patronymic, from Filip |
| 23 | 7,184 | Šarić | |
| 24 | 7,131 | Lovrić | patronymic, from Lovro (Lawrence) |
| 25 | 6,986 | Vidović | patronymic, from Vid (Vitus) |
| 26 | 6,903 | Perković | patronymic, from Perko (Peter) |
| 27 | 6,797 | Popović | patronymic, from Pop (priest) |
| 28 | 6,760 | Bošnjak | regional name, person from Bosnia |
| 29 | 6,653 | Jukić | patronymic, from Juko or Juka – regional variants of Juraj 'George' |
| 30 | 6,417 | Barišić | patronymic, from Bariša – short or regional variant of Bartol, Bartul, Bartolomej 'Bartholomew' |
Czechia
[edit]Feminized names are included (m. Novák/f. Nováková). Figures are from 2009 and provided by the Czech Ministry of the Interior.
| Rank | Surname | Meaning | Number of men | Number of women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Novák/Nováková | new man/woman | 34,168 | 35,558 |
| 2 | Svoboda/Svobodová | freeholder | 25,292 | 26,569 |
| 3 | Novotný/Novotná | newman | 24,320 | 25,328 |
| 4 | Dvořák/Dvořáková | grange owner | 22,299 | 23,445 |
| 5 | Černý/Černá | dark or black | 17,813 | 18,504 |
| 6 | Procházka/Procházková | walker | 16,074 | 16,817 |
| 7 | Kučera/Kučerová | curly man/woman | 15,187 | 15,689 |
| 8 | Veselý/Veselá | cheerful, merry man/woman | 12,882 | 13,494 |
| 9 | Horák/Horáková | highlander | 12,165 | 12,796 |
| 10 | Němec/Němcová | German | 11,192 | 11,563 |
Denmark
[edit]Nineteen of the twenty most common Danish surnames as of 1 January 2022 are patronymic ending in Norse -sen ('son of'), the only exception being Møller (Miller).[16]
| Rank | Surname | Meaning (*variant/s also listed) |
# |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nielsen | son of Niels | 236,397 |
| 2 | Jensen | son of Jens | 233,713 |
| 3 | Hansen | son of Hans | 197,548 |
| 4 | Pedersen | son of Peder* | 150,161 |
| 5 | Andersen | son of Anders | 149,643 |
| 6 | Christensen | son of Christen* | 111,816 |
| 7 | Larsen | son of Lars | 107,721 |
| 8 | Sørensen | son of Søren | 102,848 |
| 9 | Rasmussen | son of Rasmus | 88,351 |
| 10 | Jørgensen | son of Jørgen | 82,285 |
| 11 | Petersen | son of Peter* | 72,757 |
| 12 | Madsen | son of Mads | 60,676 |
| 13 | Kristensen | son of Kristen* | 57,758 |
| 14 | Olsen | son of Ole | 44,629 |
| 15 | Thomsen | son of Thomas | 38,244 |
| 16 | Christiansen | son of Christian* | 35,143 |
| 17 | Poulsen | son of Poul | 30,545 |
| 18 | Johansen | son of Johan/Johannes* | 29,866 |
| 19 | Møller | Miller | 29,481 |
| 20 | Mortensen | son of Morten | 28,124 |
Faroe Islands
[edit]The 20 most common surnames in the Faroe Islands as published in 2017 are shown below beside the number of people of the Faroese population sharing each surname.[17]
| Rank | Surname | Number of individuals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joensen | 2,372 |
| 2 | Hansen | 2,181 |
| 3 | Jacobsen | 2,051 |
| 4 | Olsen | 1,670 |
| 5 | Petersen | 1,298 |
| 6 | Poulsen | 1,257 |
| 7 | Johannesen | 973 |
| 8 | Thomsen | 719 |
| 9 | Nielsen | 647 |
| 10 | Rasmussen | 539 |
| 11 | Djurhuus | 537 |
| 12 | Johansen | 535 |
| 13 | Simonsen | 526 |
| 14 | Danielsen | 524 |
| 15 | Jensen | 492 |
| 16 | Mortensen | 471 |
| 17 | Højgaard | 462 |
| 18 | Mikkelsen | 432 |
| 19 | Sørensen | 420 |
| 20 | Dam | 418 |
Estonia
[edit]Data from 2008.[18]
Names of Estonian origin:
| Rank | # | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5,241 | Tamm | oak |
| 2 | 4,352 | Saar | island/ash (tree) |
| 3 | 3,624 | Sepp | smith |
| 4 | 3,613 | Mägi | hill, mountain |
| 5 | 2,847 | Kask | birch |
| 6 | 2,728 | Kukk | rooster |
| 7 | 2,265 | Rebane | fox |
| 8 | 2,165 | Ilves | lynx |
| 9 | 1,933 | Pärn | linden tree |
| 10 | 1,882 | Koppel | paddock |
Names of Russian origin:
| Rank | # | Surname |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6,789 | Ivanov |
| 2 | 3,402 | Smirnov |
| 3 | 3,153 | Vassiljev |
| 4 | 2,932 | Petrov |
| 5 | 2,339 | Kuznetsov |
| 6 | 2,265 | Karpin |
| 7 | 1,968 | Mihhailov |
| 8 | 1,927 | Pavlov |
| 9 | 1,909 | Semjonov |
| 10 | 1,862 | Andrejev |
| 11 | 1,845 | Aleksejev |
Finland
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Meaning | Population | Percentage[19] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Korhonen | Uncertain meaning; see article | 23,312 | 0.425 |
| 2 | Virtanen | virta 'stream' | 23,020 | 0.420 |
| 3 | Mäkinen | mäki 'hill' | 21,014 | 0.383 |
| 4 | Nieminen | niemi 'cape' | 20,969 | 0.382 |
| 5 | Mäkelä | hill place | 19,538 | 0.356 |
| 6 | Hämäläinen | Tavastian, comes from Tavastia | 19,129 | 0.349 |
| 7 | Laine | wave | 18,752 | 0.342 |
| 8 | Heikkinen | first name Heikki, "Henry", "Henrik" | 17,926 | 0.327 |
| 9 | Koskinen | koski 'rapids' | 17,737 | 0.324 |
| 10 | Järvinen | järvi 'lake' | 16,802 | 0.306 |
| 11 | Lehtonen | lehto 'grove' | 16,649 | 0.304 |
| 12 | Lehtinen | lehti 'leaf' | 15,602 | 0.285 |
| 13 | Saarinen | saari 'island' | 15,295 | 0.279 |
| 14 | Salminen | salmi 'strait' | 15,087 | 0.275 |
| 15 | Heinonen | heinä 'hay' | 14,957 | 0.273 |
| 16 | Niemi | cape | 14,951 | 0.273 |
| 17 | Heikkilä | first name Heikki, "Henry", "Henrik" | 14,558 | 0.266 |
| 18 | Kinnunen | from the Swedish skinnare 'skinner' | 14,319 | 0.261 |
| 19 | Salonen | salo 'backwoods' | 14,270 | 0.260 |
| 20 | Turunen | turku 'market, selling place', nowadays only the name of a city (Turku) | 13,802 | 0.252 |
| 21 | Salo | backwoods | 13,487 | 0.246 |
| 22 | Laitinen | laita 'side, margin' | 13,085 | 0.239 |
| 23 | Tuominen | tuomi 'bird cherry' | 12,852 | 0.234 |
| 24 | Rantanen | ranta 'shore, beach' | 12,834 | 0.234 |
| 25 | Karjalainen | Karelian, comes from Karelia | 12,830 | 0.234 |
| 26 | Jokinen | joki 'river' | 12,514 | 0.228 |
| 27 | Mattila | first name Matti, "Matt", "Mathew", -la, place suffix | 12,330 | 0.225 |
| 28 | Savolainen | Savonian, comes from Savonia | 11,592 | 0.211 |
| 29 | Lahtinen | lahti 'bay' | 11,470 | 0.209 |
| 30 | Ahonen | aho 'meadow' | 11,238 | 0.205 |
Most of the names on this list are typical examples of surnames that were adopted when modern surnames were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the romantic spirit, they refer to natural features: virta 'river', koski 'rapids', mäki 'hill', järvi 'lake', saari 'island' — often with the suffix -nen added after the model of older, mainly eastern Finnish surnames such as Korhonen and Heikkinen. Hämäläinen literally means 'an inhabitant of Häme'. The suffix -nen is an adjective ending.
Most common Swedish surnames in Finland
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Population | Percentage[19] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Johansson | 8,679 | 0.158 |
| 2 | Nyman | 7,552 | 0.138 |
| 3 | Lindholm | 7,382 | 0.135 |
| 4 | Karlsson | 7,096 | 0.129 |
| 5 | Andersson | 6,403 | 0.117 |
France
[edit]| Rank[20] | # | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 235,846 | Martin | |
| 2 | 105,132 | Bernard | |
| 3 | 95,998 | Dubois | woods dweller |
| 4 | 95,387 | Thomas | |
| 5 | 91,393 | Robert | |
| 6 | 90,689 | Richard | |
| 7 | 88,318 | Petit | short |
| 8 | 84,252 | Durand | strong, resilient |
| 9 | 78,868 | Leroy | the king |
| 10 | 78,177 | Moreau | brown; like the Moors |
| 11 | 76,655 | Simon | |
| 12 | 75,307 | Laurent | |
| 13 | 74,564 | Lefebvre | blacksmith |
| 14 | 74,318 | Michel | |
| 15 | 68,720 | Garcia | |
| 16 | 61,762 | David | |
| 17 | 59,817 | Bertrand | |
| 18 | 59,440 | Roux | redhead |
| 19 | 57,351 | Vincent | |
| 20 | 57,047 | Fournier | baker |
| 21 | 56,760 | Morel | brown; like the Moors |
| 22 | 55,642 | Girard | |
| 23 | 55,228 | André | |
| 24 | 53,670 | Lefèvre | smith |
| 25 | 53,622 | Mercier | textile trader |
| 26 | 53,405 | Dupont | bridge dweller |
| 27 | 51,543 | Lambert | |
| 28 | 50,999 | Bonnet | good-mannered |
| 29 | 50,612 | François | |
| 30 | 49,762 | Martinez | son of Martín |
Georgia
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Romanization | Total Number[21] (2018) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ბერიძე | Beridze | 29,173 |
| 2 | მამედოვი | Mamedovi | 28,358 |
| 3 | ალიევი | Alievi | 19,327 |
| 4 | კაპანაძე | Kapanadze | 19,257 |
| 5 | გელაშვილი | Gelashvili | 18,310 |
| 6 | მაისურაძე | Maisuradze | 16,198 |
| 7 | გიორგაძე | Giorgadze | 14,162 |
| 8 | ლომიძე | Lomidze | 13,062 |
| 9 | წიკლაური | Tsiklauri | 13,019 |
| 10 | ბოლქვაძე | Bolkvadze | 12,824 |
Germany
[edit]| Rank[22] | Surname | Meaning | Percentage[23] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Müller | miller | 0.95[24] |
| 2 | Schmidt | smith | 0.69[25] |
| 3 | Schneider | tailor | 0.40 |
| 4 | Fischer | fisher | 0.35 |
| 5 | Meyer | 'mayor' (originally estate administrator, later farmer) | 0.33[26] |
| 6 | Weber | weaver | 0.30 |
| 7 | Wagner | wainwright (worn-down form of wagoner) | 0.27 |
| 8 | Schulz | Schultheiß (village headman or constable / sheriff) | 0.27 |
| 9 | Becker | baker | 0.27 |
| 10 | Hoffmann | 'man of the court/farm' (courtier/steward, later farmer) | 0.26 |
Greece
[edit]The majority of Greek names are patronymic. There are also several names derived from professions (Samaras, Σαμαράς 'saddle maker', Papoutsis, Παπουτσής 'shoe maker'), area of (former) residence (Kritikos, Κρητικός 'from Crete', Aivaliotis, Αϊβαλιώτης 'from Ayvalık'), nicknames relating to physical or other characteristics (Kontos, Κοντός 'short', Mytaras, Μυταράς 'large-nosed', Koufos, Κουφός 'deaf') and more.
The patronymic suffix varies between dialects; thus Giannidis, Giannakos, Giannatos, Giannopoulos, Giannelis, Giannioglou all mean 'son of Giannis'.[27]
| Rank | Surname | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| * | Σαμαράς | Samaras | saddle maker |
| * | Παπουτσής | Papoutsis | shoe maker |
| * | Κρητικός | Kritikos | from Crete |
| * | Αϊβαλιώτης | Aivaliotis | from Ayvalık |
| * | Κοντός | Kontos | short |
| * | Μυταράς | Mytaras | large-nosed |
| * | Κουφός | Koufos | deaf |
Hungary
[edit]As of 2011, 2,095,788 individuals (21% of the population) bear the most common 20 names, and 3,347,493 individuals (33.5%) bearing the top 100 names.[28][29] 25 most common surnames in Hungary as of January 2019:[30][29]
| Rank | Population | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 227,671 | Nagy | big/large/great |
| 2 | 210,213 | Kovács | smith (occupational name) |
| 3 | 205,582 | Tóth | Slovak (Slovenian, Slav) |
| 4 | 203,126 | Szabó | tailor (occupational name) |
| 5 | 197,153 | Horváth | Croat |
| 6 | 133,959 | Varga | leatherworker (occupational name) |
| 7 | 126,587 | Kiss | little/small |
| 8 | 103,865 | Molnár | miller (occupational name) |
| 9 | 88,150 | Németh | German |
| 10 | 82,193 | Farkas | wolf |
| 11 | 81,938 | Balogh | left-handed |
| 12 | 50,959 | Papp | priest (occupational name) |
| 13 | 50,172 | Lakatos | locksmith (occupational name) |
| 14 | 49,761 | Takács | weaver (occupational name) |
| 15 | 49,197 | Juhász | shepherd (occupational name) |
| 16 | 38,428 | Mészáros | butcher (occupational name) |
| 17 | 38,385 | Oláh | Vlach (Romanian) |
| 18 | 36,810 | Simon | Simon |
| 19 | 35,116 | Rácz | Serb (South Slavic) |
| 20 | 33,237 | Fekete | black |
| 21 | 31,554 | Szilágyi | hailing from Szilágyság |
| 22 | 25,963 | Török | Turkish |
| 23 | 25,685 | Fehér | white |
| 24 | 25,294 | Balázs | Blaise |
| 25 | 24,672 | Gál | Gallic (uncertain) |
Iceland
[edit]While the vast majority of Icelanders do not use regular surnames but rather patronyms or matronyms, around 4% of Icelanders have proper surnames. See also Icelandic names.
The 20 most common surnames in the Iceland as published in 2017 are shown below beside the number of people of the Icelandic population sharing each surname.[31]
| Rank | Surname | Number of individuals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Blöndal | 324 |
| 2 | Thorarensen | 293 |
| 3 | Hansen | 282 |
| 4 | Olsen | 224 |
| 5 | Andersen | 206 |
| Petersen | ||
| 7 | Möller | 198 |
| 8 | Nielsen | 180 |
| 9 | Waage | 171 |
| 10 | Bergmann | 158 |
| 11 | Briem | 156 |
| 12 | Thorlacius | 155 |
| 13 | Jensen | 146 |
| 14 | Hjaltalín | 137 |
| 15 | Scheving | 135 |
| 16 | Petersen | 126 |
| 17 | Kvaran | 123 |
| Fjeldsted | ||
| 19 | Norðdahl | 113 |
| 20 | Berndsen | 105 |
Ireland
[edit]The prevalence of some of these names is the result of more than one distinct Irish language names being represented by the same anglicised version.
| # | Surname | Modern Irish | Original Irish | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Murphy | Ó Murchú/Mac Murchú | Ó Murchadha Mac Murchaidh |
Son or Descendant of Murchadh (a personal name meaning 'sea hound/warrior')[32] |
| 2 | Kelly | Mac ceallaigh/Ó Ceallaigh | son or Descendant of Ceallach ('strife')[33] | |
| 3 | (O')Sullivan | Ó Súilleabháin | Descendant of Súilleabhán ('dark-eyed one', 'one-eyed' or 'hawk-eyed') | |
| 4 | Walsh | Breathnach | Breatnach | 'Breton', 'Welshman' |
| 5 | Smith | Mac Gabhann | Son of a smith | |
| 6 | O'Brien | Ó Briain | Descendant of Brian | |
| 7 | (O')Byrne | Ó Broin | Descendant of Bran | |
| 8 | (O')Ryan | Ó Riain | Ó Riain Ó Maoilriain Ó Ruaidhín |
Descendant of Rian (possibly meaning 'king') Descendant of Maoilriaghan ('bald king') Descendant of Ruaidhín ('little red-haired one') |
| 9 | O'Connor | Ó Conchúir | Ó Conchobhair | Descendant of Conchobhar ('hound/chief assistance') |
| 10 | O'Neill | Ó Néill | Descendant of Niall (possibly meaning 'cloud', 'passionate' or 'champion') | |
| 11 | (O')Reilly | Ó Raghallaigh | Descendant of Raghallach | |
| 12 | Doyle | Ó Dubhghaill | Descendant of Dubhghall ('dark-haired foreigner') | |
| 13 | McCarthy | Mac Cárthaigh | Son of Cárthach ('loving') | |
| 14 | (O')Gallagher | Ó Gallchóir | Ó Gallchobhair | Descendant of Gallchobhar ('foreign assistance') |
| 15 | (O')Doherty | Ó Dochartaigh | Descendant of Dochartach ('hurtful') | |
| 16 | Kennedy | Ó Cinnéide | Ó Ceannéidigh or Mac Ceannéidigh | Descendant of Cinnéide ('adorned head')[34] |
| 17 | Lynch | Ó Loingsigh | Descendant of Loingseach ('longboat') | |
| 18 | Murray | Ó Muireadhaigh | Mac Muireadhaigh Mac Giolla Mhuire |
Descendant of Muireadhach ('chieftain') Descendant of a servant of Mary |
| 19 | (O')Quinn | Ó Cuinn/Coinne/Mac Cuinn | Descendant of Conn ('hound/chief')[35] | |
| 20 | (O')Moore | Ó Mórdha | Descendant of Mórdha ('majestic') | |
Names starting with O' and Mac/Mc were originally patronymic. Of the names above, with the exception of Smith and Walsh, all originally began with O' or Mac/Mc but many have lost this prefix over time. Mac/Mc, meaning Son, and Ó, meaning Little (or Descendant), are used by sons born into the family. In the case of a daughter being born into the family she would use Ní/Nic, for example Ó Muireadhaigh becomes Ní Mhuireadhaigh. A woman who marries into the family and takes her husband's name uses Uí/Mic- e.g. Uí Mhuireadhaigh.[36][37]
Italy
[edit]From Mappa dei Cognomi website.[38]
| Rank[39] | Surname | Frequency | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rossi | 60,487 | red (Northern and Central Italy) |
| 2 | Russo | 42,877 | red (Southern Italy) |
| 3 | Ferrari | 33,707 | blacksmith |
| 4 | Esposito | 31,980 | exposed (abandoned child; orphan) |
| 5 | Bianchi | 25,121 | white |
| 6 | Romano | 24,062 | Roman |
| 7 | Colombo | 23,484 | dove (abandoned child) |
| 8 | Bruno | 20,509 | brown |
| 9 | Ricci | 19,879 | curly |
| 10 | Greco | 18,225 | Greek |
| 11 | Marino | 17,939 | marine, seaman |
| 12 | Gallo | 17,622 | French |
| 13 | De Luca | 17,438 | son of Luke |
| 14 | Conti | 17,173 | Count |
| 15 | Costa | 16,875 | coast |
| 16 | Mancini | 16,784 | left-handed |
| 17 | Giordano | 16,636 | Jordan |
| 18 | Rizzo | 16,394 | curly |
| 19 | Lombardi | 15,220 | Lombard |
| 20 | Barbieri | 14,304 | barber |
| 21 | Moretti | 14,255 | brown (diminutive form) |
| 22 | Fontana | 14,214 | fountain |
| 23 | Caruso | 13,756 | boy, apprentice |
| 24 | Mariani | 13,652 | Marian |
| 25 | Ferrara | 13,236 | blacksmith |
| 26 | Santoro | 13,141 | Sanctorum omnium (all saints' day) |
| 27 | Rinaldi | 12,861 | Reynold |
| 28 | Leone | 12,661 | lion |
| 29 | D'Angelo | 12,620 | son of Angelo |
| 30 | Longo | 12,273 | long |
| 31 | Galli | 12,240 | French |
| 32 | Martini | 12,090 | Martin |
| 33 | Martinelli | 11,819 | Martin (diminutive) |
| 34 | Serra | 11,484 | saw (carpenter) |
| 35 | Conte | 11,347 | Count |
| 36 | Vitale | 11,266 | Vitale (given name) |
| 37 | De Santis | 11,208 | of the saints |
| 38 | Marchetti | 11,115 | little Marco |
| 39 | Messina | 11,113 | |
| 40 | Gentile | 11,019 | gentle |
| 41 | Villa | 11,011 | dwelling |
| 42 | Marini | 10,875 | seafarer |
| 43 | Lombardo | 10,803 | Lombard |
| 44 | Coppola | 10,783 | beret |
| 45 | Ferri | 10,679 | iron's |
| 46 | Parisi | 10,675 | from Paros |
| 47 | De Angelis | 10,509 | of the angels |
| 48 | Bianco | 10,467 | white |
| 49 | Amato | 10,449 | beloved |
| 50 | Fabbri | 10,330 | blacksmith |
| 51 | Gatti | 10,303 | cats |
| 52 | Sala | 10,283 | Sala |
| 53 | Morelli | 10,181 | |
| 54 | Grasso | 10,076 | fat |
| 55 | Pellegrini | 10,027 | pilgrims |
| 56 | Ferraro | 10,020 | blacksmith |
| 57 | Monti | 10,007 | mountains |
| 58 | Palumbo | 9,775 | pigeon |
| 59 | Grassi | 9,749 | fat |
| 60 | Testa | 9,728 | head |
| 61 | Valentini | 9,435 | valiant, bold |
| 62 | Carbone | 9,293 | coal |
| 63 | Benedetti | 9,258 | blessed/son of Benedict |
| 64 | Silvestri | 9,250 | son of Sylvester |
| 65 | Farina | 9,168 | flour (occupational surname) |
| 66 | D'Amico | 9,125 | son of Amico |
| 67 | Martino | 8,877 | Martin |
| 68 | Bernardi | 8,849 | Barnard |
| 69 | Caputo | 8,826 | big headed |
| 70 | Mazza | 8,756 | toolmaker, smith |
| 71 | Sanna | 8,740 | Fang (Sardinian)[40] |
| 72 | Fiore | 8,734 | flower |
| 73 | De Rosa | 8,727 | from the rose |
| 74 | Pellegrino | 8,678 | pilgrim |
| 75 | Giuliani | 8,647 | son of Julian |
| 76 | Rizzi | 8,594 | curly |
| 77 | Di Stefano | 8,521 | son of Steven |
| 78 | Cattaneo | 8,479 | captain |
| 79 | Rossetti | 8,454 | red one |
| 80 | Orlando | 8,423 | Roland |
| 81 | Basile | 8,368 | Basil |
| 82 | Neri | 8,358 | black |
| 83 | Barone | 8,344 | Baron |
| 84 | Palmieri | 8,297 | Palmer |
| 85 | Riva | 8,203 | shore |
| 86 | Romeo | 8,074 | Roman |
| 87 | Franco | 8,047 | Frank |
| 88 | Sorrentino | 8,017 | from Sorrento |
| 89 | Pagano | 8,007 | pagan |
| 90 | D'Agostino | 7,904 | Son of Augustin |
| 91 | Piras | 7,889 | pear tree (Sardinia) |
| 92 | Ruggiero | 7,812 | Rodger |
| 93 | Montanari | 7,795 | highlander |
| 94 | Battaglia | 7,713 | battle |
| 95 | Bellini | 7,690 | little beautiful one |
| 96 | Castelli | 7,671 | castles |
| 97 | Guerra | 7,572 | war |
| 98 | Poli | 7,538 | |
| 99 | Valente | 7,493 | valiant, bold |
| 100 | Ferretti | 7,489 | smith |
Kazakhstan
[edit]Provided here is a list of the 33 most common surnames in Kazakhstan according to the Ministry of Justice of Kazakhstan as of 2014.[41]
| Rank | Cyrillic script | Latin script | Language (and meaning) | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ахметов | Ahmetov | Kazakh, "son of Ahmet" | 73,627 |
| 2 | Омаров | Omarov | Kazakh, "son of Omar" | 45,123 |
| 3 | Ким | Kim | Korean | 42,274 |
| 4 | Оспанов | Ospanov | Kazakh | 41,068 |
| 5 | Иванов | Ivanov | Russian, "son of Ivan" | 39,296 |
| 6 | Алиев | Aliev | Kazakh, "son of Ali" | 36,084 |
| 7 | Сулейменов | Suleimenov | Kazakh, "son of Suleimen" | 33,940 |
| 8 | Искаков | Iskakov | Kazakh | 31,988 |
| 9 | Абдрахманов | Abdrahmanov | Kazakh, "son of Abdrahman" | 29,091 |
| 10 | Ибрагимов | Ibragimov | Kazakh, "son of Ibragim" | 28,755 |
| 11 | Калиев | Kaliev | Kazakh, "son of Kali" | 28,219 |
| 12 | Садыков | Sadykov | Kazakh, "son of Sadyk | 27,810 |
| 13 | Ибраев | Ibraev | Kazakh | 26,531 |
| 14 | Кузнецов | Kuznetsov | Russian, "son of a blacksmith" | 25,990 |
| 15 | Попов | Popov | Russian, "son of a priest" | 24,956 |
| 16 | Смагулов | Smagulov | Kazakh | 24,005 |
| 17 | Абдуллаев | Abdullaev | Kazakh, "son of Abdulla" | 23,729 |
| 18 | Исаев | Isaev | Kazakh, "son of Isa" | 22,910 |
| 19 | Султанов | Sultanov | Kazakh, "son of Sultan" | 22,808 |
| 22 | Юсупов | Iusupov | Uzbek, "son of Yusup" | 22,763 |
| 21 | Исмаилов | Ismailov | Kazakh, "son of Ismail" | 21,392 |
| 22 | Нургалиев | Nurgaliev | Kazakh, "son of Nurgali" | 21,133 |
| 23 | Каримов | Karimov | Kazakh, "son of Karim" | 20,575 |
| 24 | Серік/Серик | Serik | Kazakh | 19 550 |
| 25 | Ли | Li | Korean | 17,049 |
| 26 | Цой | Tsoi | Korean | 12,088 |
| 27 | Амангельды | Amangeldy | Kazakh | 15,125 |
| 28 | Болат | Bolat | Kazakh | 11,234 |
| 29 | Бондаренко | Bondarenko | Ukrainian | 10,648 |
| 30 | Марат | Marat | Kazakh, "Murad" | 10,417 |
| 31 | Серікбай/Серикбай | Serıkbay/Serikbay | Kazakh | 10,193 |
| 32 | Мурат | Murat | Kazakh, "Murad" | 10,106 |
| 33 | Кусаинов | Kusainov | Kazakh, "son of Kusain" | 10,103 |
Kosovo
[edit]These statistics are based on the Kosovo Agency of Statistics report on names and surnames in Kosovo, which took place in 2017.[42]
| Rank | Surname | Number of individuals |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Krasniqi | 58,199 |
| 2 | Gashi | 57,396 |
| 3 | Berisha | 43,727 |
| 4 | Morina | 27,222 |
| 5 | Shala | 25,585 |
| 6 | Bytyqi | 18,840 |
| 7 | Hasani | 13,187 |
| 8 | Kastrati | 13,015 |
| 9 | Kryeziu | 12,882 |
| 10 | Hoti | 12,709 |
Latvia
[edit]- Latvian surnames
| Rank[43][44] | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bērziņš | birch (diminutive) |
| 2 | Kalniņš | hill (diminutive) |
| 3 | Ozoliņš | oak (diminutive) |
| 4 | Jansons | son of Jānis (Germanized) |
| 5 | Ozols | oak |
| 6 | Liepiņš | linden (diminutive) |
| 7 | Krūmiņš | bush (diminutive) |
| 8 | Balodis | pigeon |
| 9 | Eglītis | fir (diminutive) |
| 10 | Zariņš | branch (diminutive) |
| 11 | Pētersons | son of Pēteris (Germanized) |
| 12 | Vītols | willow |
| 13 | Kļaviņš | maple (diminutive) |
| 14 | Kārkliņš | willow (diminutive form of Kārkls) |
| 15 | Vanags | hawk |
Lithuania
[edit]| Lithuania, 2015[45] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Male | Female[note 1] | Meaning |
| 1 | Kazlauskas | Kazlauskienė | equivalent of Polish Kozłowski from kozioł 'billy goat', certainly from before Christianity. |
| 2 | Jankauskas | Jankauskienė | from Jankowski from Janek from Jan in Polish, the apostle John. |
| 3 | Petrauskas | Petrauskienė | of Peter or Piotr in Polish |
| 4 | Stankevičius | Stankevičienė | from Polish Stanisławski from Stanisław 'state of glory' |
| 5 | Vasiliauskas | Vasiliauskienė | of Vasil from Greek Basileus 'royal, kingly' reference to Christ, the king of heaven. |
| 6 | Butkus | Butkienė | from Polish Budzisław 'awakening glory' |
| 7 | Žukauskas | Žukauskienė | from Polish Żukowski from żuk 'beetle', also taken from before Christianity. |
| 8 | Paulauskas | Paulauskienė | of the apostle Paul |
| 9 | Urbonas | Urbonienė | from Latin urbanus 'from the city' meaning 'connected to Rome and Christianity'. |
| 10 | Kavaliauskas | Kavaliauskienė | from Polish Kowalski from Kowal 'blacksmith' |
Luxembourg
[edit]Out of 236,000 entries in the EDITUS phone book:
| Rank[46] | # | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1929 | Schmit | smith |
| 2 | 1473 | Muller | miller |
| 3 | 1380 | Weber | weaver |
| 4 | 1335 | Hoffmann | farmer |
| 5 | 1300 | Wagner | wain maker |
| 6 | 1027 | Thill | |
| 7 | 939 | Schmitz | smith's |
| 8 | 793 | Schroeder | |
| 9 | 712 | Reuter | |
| 10 | 706 | Klein | little |
| 11 | 674 | Becker | baker |
| 12 | 660 | Kieffer | pine wood |
| 13 | 650 | Kremer | chapman |
| 14 | 610 | Faber | Latin faber 'smith' |
| 15 | 556 | Meyer | |
| 16 | 550 | Schneider | tailor |
| 17 | 543 | Weiss | white |
| 18 | 538 | Schiltz | shield's |
| 19 | 537 | Simon | Simon |
| 20 | 533 | Welter | Walter |
| 21 | 504 | Hansen | little John |
| 22 | 496 | Majerus | |
| 23 | 467 | Ries | Reeds |
| 24 | 459 | Meyers | |
| 25 | 451 | Kayser | emperor |
| 26 | 441 | Steffen | Steven |
| 27 | 438 | Krier | |
| 28 | 421 | Braun | brown |
| 29 | 411 | Wagener | wain maker |
| 30 | 405 | Diederich | from first name D. |
Malta
[edit]| Rank[47] | % | # | Surname |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.3 | 13,610 | Borg |
| 2 | 3.1 | 13,090 | Camilleri |
| 3 | 2.9 | 12,192 | Vella |
| 4 | 2.9 | 11,953 | Farrugia |
| 5 | 2.3 | 9,769 | Zammit |
| 6 | 2.1 | 8,767 | Galea |
| 7 | 2.1 | 8,677 | Micallef |
| 8 | 2.0 | 8,178 | Grech |
| 9 | 1.8 | 7,680 | Attard |
| 10 | 1.8 | 7,316 | Spiteri |
Moldova
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Meaning | Total number of families[48] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rusu | from Rus | 23,028 |
| 2 | Ceban | shepherd | 20,929 |
| 3 | Ciobanu | shepherd | 17,167 |
| 4 | Țurcan | (archaic) farmer | 16,984 |
| 5 | Cebotari | shoemaker | 15,464 |
| 6 | Sîrbu | Serb | 14,171 |
| 7 | Lungu | long, tall | 14,090 |
| 8 | Munteanu | from the mountain | 13,904 |
| 9 | Rotari | from roată 'wheel' | 13,511 |
| 10 | Popa | priest | 12,923 |
| 11 | Ursu | bear | 11,456 |
| 12 | Guțu | dove | 11,433 |
| 13 | Roșca | red-haired, ginger | 11,194 |
| 14 | Melnic | miller | 10,632 |
| 15 | Cojocari | coat crafter | 10,526 |
Montenegro
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Meaning[49] |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Popović | son of a priest |
| 2 | Marković | son of Marko |
| 3 | Vujović | son of Vujo |
| 4 | Radović | son of Rado |
| 5 | Ivanović | son of Ivan |
| 6 | Radulović | son of Radul or Radule |
| 7 | Jovanović | son of Jovan |
| 8 | Perović | son of Pero |
| 9 | Vuković | Son of Vuk (Vuk means wolf) |
| 10 | Kovačević | Son of a blacksmith |
Netherlands
[edit]The most recent complete count of surnames in the Netherlands is based on the September 2007 county registrations.
| Rank | Surname | Number in 2007 |
Percent | Number in 1947 |
English equivalent (or meaning) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | De Jong | 86,534 | 0.53% | 55,256 | the young |
| 2 | Jansen | 75,699 | 0.46% | 49,213 | Johnson |
| 3 | De Vries | 73,157 | 0.45% | 49,298 | the Frisian |
| 4 | Van den Berg * | 60,130 | 0.37% | 37,678 | of (from) the mountain |
| 5 | Van Dijk, Van Dyk | 57,944 | 0.35% | 36,578 | of (from) dike |
| 6 | Bakker | 56,864 | 0.35% | 37,483 | Baker |
| 7 | Janssen | 55,394 | 0.34% | 32,824 | Johnson |
| 8 | Visser | 50,929 | 0.31% | 34,721 | Fisher |
| 9 | Smit | 43,493 | 0.27% | 29,783 | Smith |
| 10 | Meijer, Meyer | 41,497 | 0.25% | 28,256 | Mayor (local official such as bailiff or steward) |
| 11 | De Boer | 39,576 | 0.24% | 25,662 | the farmer |
| 12 | Mulder | 37,250 | 0.23% | 24,665 | Miller |
| 13 | De Groot | 37,221 | 0.23% | 24,724 | The Great |
| 14 | Bos | 36,478 | 0.22% | 23,790 | Bush (literally); woods/forest |
| 15 | Vos | 31,154 | 0.19% | 19,461 | Fox |
| 16 | Peters | 30,864 | 0.19% | 18,583 | Peters |
| 17 | Hendriks | 30,199 | 0.18% | 18,538 | Henderson |
| 18 | Van Leeuwen | 28,774 | 0.18% | 17,754 | of (from) Leeuwen; likely also from other places |
| 19 | Dekker | 28,682 | 0.17% | 18,782 | Thatcher |
| 20 | Brouwer | 26,224 | 0.16% | 17,468 | Brewer |
| 21 | De Wit | 24,904 | 0.15% | 15,156 | the white |
| 22 | Dijkstra | 24,175 | 0.15% | 15,647 | a (from the) dike |
| 23 | Smits | 23,816 | 0.15% | 15,151 | Smith |
| 24 | De Graaf | 21,699 | 0.13% | 13,718 | The reeve (local official, e.g. bailiff); literally: the count |
| 25 | Van der Meer | 21,354 | 0.13% | 13,011 | of (from) the lake |
When closely related names are combined, the top 15 are:
| Rank | Surname | Number of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jansen, Janssen, Janse | 135,003 |
| 2 | de Jong, de Jonge, de Jongh, Jong | 108,240 |
| 3 | Smit, Smits, Smid, de Smit, Smet, Smith | 76,604 |
| 4 | de Vries, Vries, de Vriese | 74,058 |
| 5 | vd Berg, vd Bergh, vd Berge, vd Bergen* | 69,080 |
| 6 | Visser, Visscher, Vissers, de Visser | 68,952 |
| 7 | van Dijk, van Dyk, Dijk, van Dijck | 64,070 |
| 8 | Bakker, Bekker, de Bakker, Backer | 62,183 |
| 9 | de Boer, Boer, den Boer, van de Boer | 57,072 |
| 10 | Mulder, Muller, Müller, Mulders, de Mulder | 52,394 |
| 11 | Peters, Peeters, Pieters, Peterse, Peter | 52,389 |
| 12 | vd Veen, vd Ven, van Veen, van 't Veen * | 49,935 |
| 13 | Bos, Bosch, de Bos | 47,995 |
| 14 | Meijer, Meyer, Meijers | 47,761 |
| 15 | de Groot, Groot, de Groote | 47,511 |
* "vd" is an abbreviation which stands for all variants of "van de", "van den", or "van der"
Source: Nederlands Repertorium van Familienamen, Meertens-Instituut, 1963–2009. Data can be viewed in the Corpus of Family Names in the Netherlands See specifically De top 100 van de familienamen in Nederland (Dutch)
Names ending in -stra or -ma are usually of Frisian origin. For example, Terpstra, Bijlsma, Halsema.
Names ending in -ink or -ing are usually of Low Saxon origin. For example, Hiddink, Meyerink, Mentink.
North Macedonia
[edit]The most recent complete count of surnames is based on end of year 2022 State Statistical Office.[50]
| Rank | # | Surname | Versions | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31,670 | Stojanovski | Stojanoski, Stojanov, Stojanovska, Stojanoska, Stojanova, Stojanović | patronymic; descendant of Stojan (Stoyan) |
| 2 | 27,285 | Jovanovski | Jovanoski, Jovanov, Jovanovska, Jovanoska, Jovanova, Jovanović | patronymic; descendant of Jovan (John in Macedonian) |
| 3 | 26,918 | Nikolovski | Nikoloski, Nikolov, Nikolovska, Nikoloska, Nikolova, Nikolić | patronymic; descendant of Nikola |
| 4 | 25,101 | Ristovski | Ristoski, Ristov, Ristevski, Risteski, Ristovska, Ristoska, Ristova, Ristevska, Risteska, Ristić | patronymic; descendant of Risto or Riste (Christ in Macedonian) |
| 5 | 18,307 | Petrovski | Petroski, Petrov, Petrevski, Petreski, Petrovska, Petroska, Petrova, Petrevska, Petrova, Petrović | patronymic; descendant of Petar or Petre (Peter in Macedonian) |
| 6 | 17,476 | Bajrami | Bajram, Bajramovski, Bajramoski, Bajramov, Bajramovska, Bajramoska, Bajramova, Bajramović | patronymic; descendant of Bajram |
| 7 | 15,640 | Ivanovski | Ivanoski, Ivanov, Ivanovska, Ivanoska, Ivanova, Ivanović | patronymic; descendant of Ivan |
| 8 | 13,705 | Osmani | Osman, Osmanli, Osmanovski, Osmanoski, Osmanov, Osmanovska, Osmanoska, Osmanova, Osmanović | patronymic; descendant of Osman ("wise", in Ottoman Turkish) |
| 9 | 12,578 | Ademi | Adem, Ademovski, Ademoski, Ademov, Ademovska, Ademoska, Ademova, Ademić | patronymic; descendant of Adem (Adam in Ottoman Turkish) |
| 10 | 12,367 | Shabani | Shaban, Shabanovski, Shabanoski, Shabanov, Shabanovska, Shabanoska, Shabanova | patronymic; descendant of Shaban (name of the eight month in the Islamic Calendar) |
Macedonian surnames inflect through grammatical cases (in this case, gender). It is common for male surnames to end in -ski and -ov, while female ones end in -ska and -va.
Norway
[edit]| Rank[51] | # | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 53,011 | Hansen | patronymic; son of Hans |
| 2 | 50,088 | Johansen | patronymic; son of Johan or Johannes |
| 3 | 49,303 | Olsen | patronymic; son of Olav, Ole, Olaf or Ola |
| 4 | 37,869 | Larsen | patronymic; son of Lars, Lauritz or Laurits |
| 5 | 37,206 | Andersen | patronymic; son of Anders (or Andres) |
| 6 | 35,402 | Pedersen | patronymic; son of Peder, (Petter, Peter or Per) |
| 7 | 34,941 | Nilsen | patronymic; son of Nils (or Niels) |
| 8 | 23,595 | Kristiansen | patronymic; son of Kristian (or Christian) |
| 9 | 23,079 | Jensen | patronymic; son of Jens |
| 10 | 21,330 | Karlsen | patronymic; son of Karl (or Carl) |
| 11 | 20,755 | Johnsen | patronymic; son of John (or Jon) |
| 12 | 20,226 | Pettersen | patronymic; son of Petter, (Peter, Peder or Per) |
| 13 | 19,241 | Eriksen | patronymic; son of Erik, (Eirik or Erich) |
| 14 | 18,133 | Berg | farm name; a mountain |
| 15 | 14,392 | Haugen | farm name; the Hill |
| 16 | 14,126 | Hagen | farm name; the garden |
| 17 | 13,387 | Johannessen | patronymic; son of Johannes (or Johan) |
| 18 | 12,139 | Andreassen | patronymic; son of Andreas |
| 19 | 11,925 | Jacobsen | patronymic; son of Jacob (or Jakob) |
| 20 | 11,540 | Dahl | farm name; a valley |
| 21 | 11,481 | Jørgensen | patronymic; son of Jørgen |
| 22 | 11,477 | Halvorsen | patronymic; son of Halvor (or Hallvard) |
| 23 | 11,364 | Henriksen | patronymic; son of Henrik (or Henrich) |
| 24 | 11,282 | Lund | farm name; a grove |
Poland
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Meaning | Numbers[52] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nowak | newman | 207,348 |
| 2 | Kowalski | from kowal 'smith' | 140,471 |
| 3 | Wiśniewski | from wiśnia 'cherry' | 111,174 |
| 4 | Wójcik | from wójt, a noun describing chief officer of a municipality (gmina), or from a popular name Wojciech; from the word wojak' 'warrior' |
100,064 |
| 5 | Kowalczyk | from kowal 'smith', literally 'smith's son' | 98,739 |
| 6 | Kamiński | from kamień 'stone' | 95,816 |
| 7 | Lewandowski | from lawenda 'lavender' | 93,404 |
| 8 | Zieliński | from zielony 'green'; from zioło, ziele 'herb' | 91,522 |
| 9 | Szymański | from Szymon, equivalent to Simon or Polish for German Schuhmann 'shoemaker' | 89,698 |
| 10 | Woźniak | from woźny, 'usher' | 89,015 |
| 11 | Dąbrowski | from dąbrowa 'oak grove' | 87,304 |
| 12 | Kozłowski | from kozioł 'goat' | 76,657 |
| 13 | Jankowski | from Janek, a diminutive of John | 69,280 |
| 14 | Mazur | Masurian | 68,090 |
| 15 | Kwiatkowski | from kwiatek 'flower (dim.)' | 66,917 |
| 16 | Wojciechowski | from the name Wojciech; from the word wojak 'warrior' | 66,879 |
| 17 | Krawczyk | from krawiec 'tailor', 'tailor's son' | 64,543 |
| 18 | Kaczmarek | from karczmarz 'innkeeper' | 62,399 |
| 19 | Piotrowski | from Piotr (Peter) | 61,844 |
| 20 | Grabowski | from grab 'hornbeam' or grabarz 'gravedigger' | 59,052 |
Polish names which end with -ski or -cki or -dzki have both male and female forms – Kamiński/Kamińska, Wielicki/Wielicka, Zawadzki/Zawadzka etc. This needs to be considered when taking a count by, for instance, scanning a telephone book. Historically, -ski, -cki and -dzki, cognate with English -ish and French -esque, was a particle of nobility, like German von.
Portugal
[edit]The 50 most frequent surnames in Portugal are listed below.[53][54][55] A number of these surnames may be preceded by of/from (de, d') or of the/from the (do, da, dos, das) as in de Sousa, da Costa, d'Oliveira. Those elements are not part of the surname and are not considered in an alphabetical order.
| Order | Surname | Meaning | Frequency % |
Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Silva | toponymic; woodland | 9.44% | Latin silva |
| 2 | Santos | saints | 5.96% | Latin sanctus |
| 3 | Ferreira | blacksmith | 5.25% | Latin ferrarius |
| 4 | Pereira | pear tree | 4.88% | Latin pirus |
| 5 | Oliveira | olive tree | 3.71% | Latin oliva |
| 6 | Costa | toponymic; '[from the] coast' | 3.68% | Latin costa |
| 7 | Rodrigues | patronymic; 'son of Rodrigo' | 3.57% | Germanic Roderich |
| 8 | Martins | patronymic; 'son of Martim' | 3.23% | Latin Martinus |
| 9 | Jesus | 'Jesus' | 2.99% | Latin Iesus < Hebrew Yeshua |
| 10 | Sousa | toponymic; '[from] Sousa' | 2.95% | Latin saxa |
| 11 | Fernandes | patronymic; 'son of Fernando' | 2.82% | Germanic Ferdinand |
| 12 | Gonçalves | patronymic; 'son of Gonçalo' | 2.76% | Germanic Gundisalv |
| 13 | Gomes | patronymic; 'son of Gome', 'Gomo' | 2.57% | Germanic guma |
| 14 | Lopes | patronymic; 'son of Lopo' | 2.52% | Latin lupus |
| 15 | Marques | patronymic; 'son of Marco' | 2.51% | Latin Marcus |
| 16 | Alves | patronymic; 'son of Álvaro' | 2.37% | Germanic alfhari, alfarr |
| 17 | Almeida | toponymic | 2.27% | Arabic al majid |
| 18 | Ribeiro | toponymic; 'brook' | 2.27% | Latin riparius |
| 19 | Pinto | painted or spotted | 2.09% | Latin pictus |
| 20 | Carvalho | oak | 1.97% | Celtic cassos, cassanos |
| 21 | Teixeira | toponymic; 'yew' | 1.69% | Latin taxus |
| 22 | Moreira | toponymic; 'mulberry' | 1.54% | Latin mora |
| 23 | Correia | belt | 1.53% | Celtic (Latinised) korriį |
| 24 | Mendes | patronymic; 'son of Mendo' | 1.39% | Germanic Hermengild |
| 25 | Nunes | patronymic; 'son of Nuno' | 1.32% | Latin nonus, nunnus |
| 26 | Soares | patronymic; 'son of Soeiro' | 1.28% | Germanic (Latinised) Suarius |
| 27 | Vieira | scallop | 1.2% | Latin veneria |
| 28 | Monteiro | toponymic; '[from the] mountain' | 1.11% | Latin mons |
| 29 | Cardoso | toponymic; 'thistle' | 1.07% | Latin carduus |
| 30 | Rocha | toponymic; 'rock' | 1.04% | Celtic (Latinised) roc'h |
| 31 | Neves | snows, devotion to (Our Lady of the Snows) |
0.98% | Latin nigvem |
| 32 | Coelho | rabbit | 0.97% | Celtiberian cunicos |
| 33 | Cruz | cross (of Jesus) | 0.94% | Latin crux |
| 34 | Cunha | wedge | 0.93% | Latin cuneus |
| 35 | Pires | patronymic; son of Pero | 0.92% | Greek Πετρος (Petros) |
| 36 | Duarte | patronymic; 'keeper of riches' | 0.86% | Germanic Edward |
| 37 | Reis | devotion to the Three Kings |
0.85% | Latin rex |
| 38 | Simões | patronymic; 'son of Simão' | 0.85% | Greek Σιμων (Simon) |
| 39 | Antunes | patronymic; 'son of António' | 0.82% | Etruscan Antonius |
| 40 | Matos | toponymic; 'bush' | 0.82% | Late Latin matta |
| 41 | Fonseca | toponymic; 'dry fountain' | 0.81% | Latin fons siccus |
| 42 | Machado | axe | 0.76% | Latin marculatum |
| 43 | Araújo | patronymic | 0.69% | Germanic ruderic |
| 44 | Barbosa | beard | 0.69% | Latin barba |
| 45 | Tavares | toponymic | 0.67% | Latin Talavaris |
| 46 | Lourenço | Laurentius, related to laurels | 0.65% | Latin Laurentum |
| 47 | Castro | toponymic; 'castle, fortress' | 0.62% | Latin castrum |
| 48 | Figueiredo | toponymic; 'fig' | 0.62% | Latin fīcus |
| 49 | Azevedo | toponymic; 'holly' | 0.60% | Latin aquifolium |
| 50 | Freitas | toponymic; 'hillside' | 0.60% | Latin fracta |
Romania
[edit]| Rank[56] | Surname | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Popa | [ˈpopa] | priest |
| 2 | Popescu | [poˈpesku] | lit. son of a priest |
| 3 | Pop | [pop] | short form of Popa |
| 4 | Radu | [ˈradu] | |
| 5 | Dumitru | [duˈmitru] | |
| 6 | Stan | [stan] | shortened form of Stanislav |
| 7 | Stoica | [ˈstojka] | |
| 8 | Gheorghe | [ˈɡe̯orɡe] | form of George |
| 9 | Matei | [maˈtej] | Romanian form of Matthew |
| 10 | Ciobanu | [t͡ʃjoˈbanu] | shepherd |
| 11 | Ionescu | [ioˈnesku] | lit. Johnson from Ion, Romanian form of John |
| 12 | Rusu | [rusu] | Russian |
Russia
[edit]- See also: Список общерусских фамилий (in Russian Wikipedia)
The most common surnames in Russia, as calculated by Yumaguzin and Vinnik (2019):[57]
| Rank | Surname | Transliteration | Meaning | Percentage[57] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ивано́в/Ивано́ва | Ivanov/Ivanova | descendant of Ivan (John) | 0.64275 |
| 2 | Кузнецо́в/Кузнецо́ва | Kuznetsov/Kuznetsova | smith's | 0.35634 |
| 3 | Смирно́в/Смирно́ва | Smirnov/Smirnova | descendant of Smirnoy (meek one) | 0.31630 |
| 4 | Попо́в/Попо́ва | Popov/Popova | priest's descendant | 0.31260 |
| 5 | Петро́в/Петро́ва | Petrov/Petrova | descendant of Pyotr (Peter) | 0.30807 |
| 6 | Васи́льев/Васи́льева | Vasilyev/Vasilyeva | descendant of Vasily (Basil) | 0.26549 |
| 7 | Магоме́дов/Магоме́дова | Magomedov/Magomedova | descendant of Magomed (Muhammad) | 0.23628 |
| 8 | Али́ев/Али́ева | Aliyev/Aliyeva | descendant of Ali | 0.22763 |
| 9 | Кари́мов/Кари́мова | Karimov/Karimova | descendant of Karim | 0.19051 |
| 10 | Во́лков/Во́лкова | Volkov/Volkova | wolf's | 0.18828 |
| 11 | Семёнов/Семёнова | Semyonov/Semyonova | descendant of Semyon (Simon) | 0.18682 |
| 12 | Миха́йлов/Миха́йлова | Mikhaylov/Mikhaylova | descendant of Mikhail (Michael) | 0.18355 |
| 13 | Па́влов/Па́влова | Pavlov/Pavlova | descendant of Pavel (Paul) | 0.18256 |
| 14 | Козло́в/Козло́ва | Kozlov/Kozlova | he-goat's; metaphorically: bearded one | 0.18177 |
| 15 | Фёдоров/Фёдорова | Fyodorov/Fyodorova | descendant of Fyodor (Theodore) | 0.17727 |
| 16 | Но́виков/Но́викова | Novikov/Novikova | new man's/woman's; see novik for historical details | 0.17388 |
| 17 | Ибраги́мов/Ибраги́мова | Ibragimov/Ibragimova | descendant of Ibrahim | 0.17150 |
| 18 | Соколо́в/Соколо́ва | Sokolov/Sokolova | falcon's | 0.17071 |
| 19 | Моро́зов/Моро́зова | Morozov/Morozova | frost's | 0.16877 |
| 20 | За́йцев/За́йцева | Zaytsev/Zaytseva | hare's | 0.16217 |
Those Russian surnames that end with -ov/-ev or -in/-yn are originally patronymic or metronymic possessive adjectivals with the meaning 'son of' or 'daughter/wife of' (the feminine is formed with the -a ending – Smirnova, Ivanova, etc.). In older documents such surnames were written with the word syn 'son', for example, Ivánov syn 'John's son' or Il'yín syn 'Elijah's son'; the last word was later dropped. Such names are roughly equivalent to the English or Welsh surnames Richardson or Richards.
The Russian equivalent of 'Smith', 'Jones', and 'Brown' (that is, the generic most often used surnames) are Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov, or 'Johns', 'Peters', and 'Isidores', although Sidorov is now ranked only 66th.[58]
Serbia
[edit]| Rank[59] | Surname | Cyrillic script | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jovanović | Јовановић | son of Jovan (John) |
| 2 | Petrović | Петровић | son of Petar (Peter) |
| 3 | Nikolić | Николић | son of Nikola (Nicholas) |
| 4 | Marković | Марковић | son of Marko (Mark) |
| 5 | Đorđević | Ђорђевић | son of Đorđe (George) |
| 6 | Stojanović | Стојановић | son of Stojan (Stoyan) |
| 7 | Ilić | Илић | son of Ilija (Elijah) |
| 8 | Stanković | Станковић | son of Stanko (Stanislav) |
| 9 | Pavlović | Павловић | son of Pavle (Paul) |
| 10 | Milošević | Милошевић | son of Miloš (Miles) |
Slovakia
[edit]Note: The most common surnames in Slovakia are a mixture of Indo-European and the Ugric roots reflecting the 900-year-long coexistence of the Indo-European Slovaks and speakers of other Indo-European languages with Ugric Hungarians and the Croatians, under Hungarian assimilation pressure throughout the 19th century (see Magyarization, see History of Slovakia). In 1910 Hungarians made up one-third of the population of the present-day territory of Slovakia.[62] Hungarians are currently an 8% minority[61] in Slovakia.[63] (see Demographics of Slovakia). While ethnic Hungarians are relatively few in Slovakia, their large presence on the list of most common names reflects the intra-lingual frequency of the frequent names in Hungary.
Slovenia
[edit]| Rank[64] | # | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11,196 | Novak | new man; from a newly established farm |
| 2 | 9,762 | Horvat | Croat |
| 3 | 5,640 | Kovačič | son of a blacksmith |
| 4 | 5,585 | Krajnc | from Carniola |
| 5 | 5,019 | Zupančič | son of a farmer or the village elder |
| 6 | 4,729 | Potočnik | near a stream |
| 7 | 4,729 | Kovač | blacksmith |
| 8 | 3,957 | Mlakar | near a puddle |
| 9 | 3,905 | Kos | blackbird |
| 10 | 3,885 | Vidmar | farmer belonging to the ruler's estate |
| 11 | 3,855 | Golob | pigeon |
| 12 | 3,506 | Turk | Turk |
| 13 | 3,421 | Božič | Christmas |
| 14 | 3,418 | Kralj | King |
| 15 | 3,285 | Korošec | from Carinthia |
| 16 | 3,256 | Zupan | mayor (originally, village elder) |
| 17 | 3,209 | Bizjak | archaic term for refugee; usually applied to Slavic Christian families that had fled from the Ottoman Empire |
| 18 | 3,136 | Hribar | from the hill |
| 19 | 3,069 | Kotnik | from a remote area (literally, from a corner) |
| 20 | 3,003 | Kavčič | weaver |
| 21 | 2,992 | Rozman | |
| 22 | 2,873 | Kastelic | from a castle |
| 23 | 2,841 | Oblak | cloud |
| 24 | 2,828 | Žagar | sawer |
| 25 | 2,821 | Petek | Friday |
| 26 | 2,808 | Hočevar | from Kočevje or from Gottschee County |
| 27 | 2,807 | Kolar | |
| 28 | 2,738 | Košir | |
| 29 | 2,598 | Koren | |
| 30 | 2,399 | Klemenčič | son of Klemen |
Spain
[edit]The top ten surnames cover about 20% of the population, with important geographical differences. The regional distribution of surnames within Spain was homogenized mostly through internal migrations, especially since 1950. Names typical of the old crown of Castile have become the most common all over the country. Most of the common Spanish patronymic surnames were introduced in Spain during the fifth to seventh centuries by the Visigoths.
| Rank | Surname | # | % | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | García | 1,378,000 | 3.48 | possibly meaning 'young' from Basque |
| 2 | Fernández | 851,000 | 2.15 | patronymic; son of Fernando, Fredenand, or Fridnand |
| 3 | González | 839,000 | 2.12 | patronymic; son of Gonzalo, from the Latinised form Gundisalvus |
| 4 | Rodríguez | 804,000 | 2.03 | patronymic; son of Rodrigo |
| 5 | López | 796,000 | 2.01 | patronymic; son of Lope, Latin Lupus 'wolf' |
| 6 | Martínez | 788,000 | 1.97 | patronymic; son of Martín, Latin Martis, genitive form of Mars |
| 7 | Sánchez | 725,000 | 1.83 | patronymic; son of Sancho, Latin Sanctius |
| 8 | Pérez | 709,000 | 1.79 | patronymic; son of Pedro, Latin Petrus |
| 9 | Martín | 459,000 | 1.16 | from Latin name Martinus, a derivation of Mars;[65] alternately, a Hispanicization of the Hebrew name Mordecai[66] |
| 10 | Gómez | 440,000 | 1.11 | patronymic; son of Gomes, Gomo, or Gomaro |
| 11 | Ruiz | 321,000 | 0.81 | patronymic; son of Rui, variation or short for Rodrigo |
| 12 | Hernández | 305,000 | 0.77 | patronymic; son of Hernando, variation of Fernando |
| 13 | Jiménez | 293,000 | 0.74 | patronymic; son of Jimeno, Xemeno, or Ximeno |
| 14 | Díaz | 293,000 | 0.74 | patronymic; son of Diego |
| 15 | Álvarez | 273,000 | 0.69 | patronymic; son of Álvaro, from Alvar |
| 16 | Moreno | 261,000 | 0.66 | brown-haired, tanned, brunet |
| 17 | Muñoz | 241,000 | 0.61 | patronymic; son of Munio or Muño |
| 18 | Alonso | 206,000 | 0.52 | variation of Alfonso |
| 19 | Gutiérrez | 170,000 | 0.43 | patronymic; son of Gutier, Gutierre, or Gualtierre |
| 20 | Romero | 170,000 | 0.43 | from Latin "romaeus" (lit. "roman") in the sense of 'pilgrim' |
| 21 | Navarro | 158,400 | 0.40 | Navarrese, (from Navarre) |
| 22 | Torres | 134,600 | 0.34 | toponymic; 'towers' |
| 23 | Domínguez | 134,600 | 0.34 | patronymic; 'son of Domingo', from Latin Domenicus, Dominus, 'master' |
| 24 | Gil | 134,600 | 0.34 | patronymic; from older form Egidio |
| 25 | Vázquez | 130,000 | 0.33 | patronymic; son of Vasco |
| 26 | Serrano | 122,700 | 0.31 | 'highlander' or 'man from the mountain range' |
| 27 | Ramos | 118,000 | 0.30 | 'branches'; meaning born during the Christian feast of Palm Sunday |
| 28 | Blanco | 118,000 | 0.30 | 'white' |
| 29 | Sanz | 106,900 | 0.27 | patronymic; son of Sancho, from Latin Sanctius |
| 30 | Castro | 102,900 | 0.26 | toponymic; from Latin castrum meaning 'castle, fort, fortress' |
| 31 | Suárez | 102,900 | 0.26 | patronymic; son of Suero or Suaro |
| 32 | Ortega | 99,000 | 0.25 | from Ortiga, meaning 'nettle plant' |
| 33 | Rubio | 99,000 | 0.25 | 'blond, fair-haired'; Latin Rubeus, meaning 'ruddy, reddish' |
| 34 | Molina | 99,000 | 0.25 | 'mill' or 'place with mills' |
| 35 | Delgado | 95,000 | 0.24 | 'thin, slender, skinny' |
| 36 | Ramírez | 95,000 | 0.24 | patronymic; son of Ramiro, Radamir, or Radmir |
| 37 | Morales | 95,000 | 0.24 | toponymic; 'blackberry groves' or 'mulberry trees' |
| 38 | Ortiz | 87,120 | 0.22 | patronymic; son of Ortún; Latin Fortunius, meaning 'fortunate one' |
| 39 | Marín | 83,160 | 0.21 | Latin Marinus, meaning 'sailor' |
| 40 | Iglesias | 83,160 | 0.21 | 'churches' |
Source:[67] – Data from December 1999. (2004 data confirmation of top 25)
Canary Islands
[edit] |
| Rank | Surname | Approximate percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | González | 4.79 |
| 2 | Rodríguez | 4.64 |
| 3 | Hernández | 4.01 |
| 4 | Pérez | 3.35 |
| 5 | García | 3.25 |
| 6 | Martín | 2.21 |
| 7 | Santana | 2.18 |
| 8 | Díaz | 1.86 |
| 9 | Suárez | 1.38 |
| 10 | Sánchez | 1.29 |
| 11 | López | 1.21 |
| 12 | Cabrera | 1.18 |
| 13 | Ramos | 0.88 |
| 14 | Medina | 0.87 |
| 15 | Fernández | 0.75 |
| 16 | Morales | 0.73 |
| 17 | Delgado | 0.70 |
| 18 | Marrero | 0.70 |
| 19 | León | 0.69 |
| 20 | Alonso | 0.61 |
| 21 | Herrera | 0.59 |
| 22 | Cruz | 0.58 |
| 23 | Domínguez | 0.55 |
| 24 | Gutiérrez | 0.52 |
| 25 | Reyes | 0.50 |
| 26 | Torres | 0.48 |
| 27 | Alvarez | 0.66 |
| 28 | Rivero | 0.44 |
| 29 | Armas | 0.42 |
| 30 | Trujillo | 0.40 |
Sweden
[edit]Source: World Family Names
| Rank[68] | # | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 251,621 | Andersson | son of Anders |
| 2 | 251,495 | Johansson | son of Johan |
| 3 | 223,151 | Karlsson | son of Karl |
| 4 | 171,360 | Nilsson | son of Nils |
| 5 | 147,514 | Eriksson | son of Erik |
| 6 | 124,686 | Larsson | son of Lars |
| 7 | 114,280 | Olsson | son of Olof, Olov, Ola, Ole or Olle (usually a nickname) |
| 8 | 107,911 | Persson | son of Per |
| 9 | 101,834 | Svensson | son of Sven |
| 10 | 97,536 | Gustafsson | son of Gustaf |
| 11 | 96,011 | Pettersson | son of Petter |
| 12 | 73,869 | Jonsson | son of Jon |
| 13 | 50,170 | Jansson | son of Jan |
| 14 | 43,926 | Hansson | son of Hans |
| 15 | 34,302 | Bengtsson | son of Bengt |
| 16 | 32,249 | Jönsson | son of Jöns |
| 17 | 27,533 | Lindberg | compound of lind (the tree tilia cordata) and berg 'mountain' |
| 18 | 26,793 | Jakobsson | son of Jakob |
| 19 | 26,562 | Magnusson | son of Magnus |
| 20 | 26,424 | Olofsson | son of Olof |
List of the 10 most common names among the Sami people (compiled from one third of the Sametinget voting list 2005):[69]
| Rank | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andersson | son of Anders |
| 2 | Johansson | son of Johan |
| 3 | Nilsson | son of Nils |
| 4 | Larsson | son of Lars |
| 5 | Persson | son of Per |
| 6 | Blind | ? of Sami descent |
| 7 | Jonsson | son of Jon |
| 8 | Eriksson | son of Erik |
| 9 | Nutti | ? of Sami descent |
| 10 | Labba | ? of Sami descent |
Switzerland
[edit]German-speaking cantons (1998): Source:[70]
| Rank | # | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31,000 | Müller | miller |
| 2 | 19,150 | Meier | tenant of a large farm |
| 3 | 16,900 | Schmid | blacksmith |
| 4 | 13,000 | Keller | winemaker |
| 5 | 11,850 | Weber | weaver |
| 6 | 10,550 | Huber | tenant of a small large farm |
| 7 | 10,350 | Meyer | tenant of a large farm |
| 8 | 10,300 | Schneider | tailor |
| 9 | 8,950 | Steiner | 'stone person' |
| 10 | 8,200 | Fischer | fisherman |
| 11 | 8,100 | Brunner | 'water well person' |
| 12 | 8,000 | Baumann | 'construction man' |
| 13 | 7,950 | Gerber | tanner |
| 14 | 7,750 | Frei | free (in terms of freedom) |
| 15 | 7,500 | Moser | 'bog person' |
Surnames of the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino
| Rank | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bianchi | white |
| 2 | Bernasconi | |
| 3 | Fontana | one who dwells by a fountain |
| 4 | Crivelli | sieve |
| 5 | Galli | Gaul; Frenchman |
| 6 | Cereghetti | |
| 7 | Colombo | dove (often bestowed upon orphans) |
| 8 | Rossi | red, redhead |
| 9 | Ferrari | blacksmith |
| 10 | Cavadini | |
| 11 | Sante | |
| 12 | Ravelli | |
| 13 | Giovanni | John |
| 14 | Piero | Peter |
Turkey
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yılmaz | indomitable |
| 2 | Kaya | rock |
| 3 | Demir | iron |
| 4 | Şahin | buteo, hawk |
| 5 | Çelik | steel |
| 6 | Yıldız | star |
| 7 | Yıldırım | thunderbolt |
| 8 | Öztürk | pure Turk |
| 9 | Aydın | enlightened |
| 10 | Özdemir | pure iron |
| 11 | Arslan | lion |
| 12 | Doğan | born, rising, falcon |
| 13 | Kılıç | sword |
| 14 | Aslan | lion |
| 15 | Çetin | tough |
| 16 | Kara | black |
| 17 | Koç | ram |
| 18 | Kurt | wolf |
| 19 | Özkan | pure blood |
| 20 | Şimşek | lightning |
| 21 | Polat | hardy, steel |
| 22 | Özcan | pure soul |
| 23 | Korkmaz | unfearful |
| 24 | Çakır | grayish-blue |
| 25 | Erdoğan | brave born, male/private falcon |
Source: Turkish General Directorate of Population and Citizenships[71]
Ukraine
[edit]Many of the surnames use the same root but different suffixes, or even different roots of the same meaning, depending on the part of Ukraine the person hails from.[72]
| Rank | Surname | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Melnyk | miller |
| 2 | Shevchenko | shoemaker's |
| 3 | Boyko | combatant's |
| 4 | Kovalenko | smith's |
| 5 | Bondarenko | cooper's |
| 6 | Tkachenko | weaver's |
| 7 | Kovalchuk | smith's |
| 8 | Kravchenko | tailor's |
| 9 | Yakovenko | Yakov's |
| 10 | Shevchuk | shoemaker's |
| 11 | Koval | smith |
| 12 | Polishchuk | the Polesian, a man from Polesia |
| 13 | Bondar | cooper |
| 14 | Tkachuk | weaver's |
| 15 | Moroz | frost |
| 16 | Marchenko | Mark's |
| 17 | Lysenko | fox's (from Lys) or baldhead's (from Lysyi) |
| 18 | Rudenko | redhead's |
| 19 | Savchenko | Savka's (Savka is a form of Sava or Savva) |
| 20 | Petrenko | Petro's |
United Kingdom
[edit]England
[edit]| Rank | Surname | Percentage[73] |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smith | 1.26 |
| 2 | Jones | 0.75 |
| 3 | Taylor | 0.59 |
| 4 | Brown | 0.56 |
| 5 | Williams | 0.39 |
| 6 | Wilson | 0.39 |
| 7 | Johnson | 0.37 |
| 8 | Davies | 0.34 |
| 9 | Robinson | 0.32 |
| 10 | Wright | 0.32 |
| 11 | Thompson | 0.31 |
| 12 | Evans | 0.30 |
| 13 | Walker | 0.30 |
| 14 | White | 0.30 |
| 15 | Roberts | 0.28 |
| 16 | Green | 0.28 |
| 17 | Hall | 0.28 |
| 18 | Wood | 0.27 |
| 19 | Jackson | 0.27 |
| 20 | Clark | 0.26 |
Greater London
[edit]The following list is for Greater London.[74][better source needed]
| Rank | Surname | Origin |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brown | England/Scotland |
| 2 | Smith | England |
| 3 | Patel | Gujarat (India) |
| 4 | Jones | Wales |
| 5 | Williams | Wales/England |
| 6 | Johnson | Scotland/England |
| 7 | Taylor | England |
| 8 | Thomas | Wales/England |
| 9 | Roberts | Wales |
| 10 | Khan | Pakistan/India/Bangladesh |
| 11 | Lewis | England/Ireland/Wales |
| 12 | Jackson | England/Scotland |
| 13 | Clarke | England/Scotland |
| 14 | James | England |
| 15 | Phillips | England |
| 16 | Wilson | England |
| 17 | Ali | Pakistan/Bangladesh/Arabia/Turkey |
| 18 | Mason | England/Scotland/France |
| 19 | Mitchell | Scotland/England |
| 20 | Rose | England/Ireland/Germany/Denmark |
| 21 | Davis | Wales |
| 22 | Davies | Wales |
| 23 | Rodríguez | Latin America/Spain |
| 24 | Cox | Wales/Ireland |
| 25 | Alexander | Scotland/Germany |
Northern Ireland
[edit]Source:[75]
| Rank | Surname | Origin | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wilson | England | 0.75 |
| 2 | Campbell | Scotland | 0.75 |
| 3 | Kelly | Ireland | 0.74 |
| 4 | Johnston | Scotland | 0.69 |
| 5 | Moore | Ireland/England | 0.62 |
| 6 | Thompson | England | 0.61 |
| 7 | Smyth | England | 0.60 |
| 8 | Brown | Scotland | 0.59 |
| 9 | O’Neill | Ireland | 0.57 |
| 10 | Doherty | Ireland | 0.54 |
| 11 | Stewart | Scotland | 0.54 |
| 12 | Quinn | Ireland | 0.51 |
| 13 | Robinson | England | 0.50 |
| 14 | Murphy | Ireland | 0.49 |
| 15 | Graham | England | 0.48 |
| 16 | Martin | England/France | 0.45 |
| 17 | McLaughlin | Ireland | 0.45 |
| 18 | Hamilton | Scotland | 0.44 |
| 19 | Murray | Scotland/Ireland | 0.43 |
| 20 | Hughes | Wales | 0.41 |
Scotland
[edit]Source:[75]
| Rank | Surname | % |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smith | 1.28 |
| 2 | Brown | 0.94 |
| 3 | Wilson | 0.89 |
| 4 | Robertson | 0.78 |
| 5 | Thomson | 0.78 |
| 6 | Campbell | 0.77 |
| 7 | Stewart | 0.73 |
| 8 | Anderson | 0.70 |
| 9 | Scott | 0.55 |
| 10 | Murray | 0.53 |
| 11 | MacDonald | 0.52 |
| 12 | Reid | 0.52 |
| 13 | Taylor | 0.49 |
| 14 | Clark | 0.47 |
| 15 | Ross | 0.43 |
| 16 | Young | 0.42 |
| 17 | Mitchell | 0.41 |
| 18 | Watson | 0.41 |
| 19 | Paterson | 0.40 |
| 20 | Morrison | 0.40 |
Wales
[edit]Source:[75]
| Rank | Surname | % |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jones | 5.75 |
| 2 | Williams | 3.72 |
| 3 | Davies | 3.72 |
| 4 | Evans | 2.47 |
| 5 | Thomas | 2.43 |
| 6 | Roberts | 1.53 |
| 7 | Lewis | 1.53 |
| 8 | Hughes | 1.23 |
| 9 | Morgan | 1.16 |
| 10 | Griffiths | 0.96 |
| 11 | Edwards | 0.93 |
| 12 | Smith | 0.85 |
| 13 | James | 0.82 |
| 14 | Rees | 0.81 |
| 15 | Jenkins | 0.69 |
| 16 | Owen | 0.67 |
| 17 | Price | 0.67 |
| 18 | Phillips | 0.65 |
| 19 | Moss | 0.63 |
| 20 | Driscoll | 0.53 (Ireland) |
See also
[edit]
- List of family name affixes
- List of most popular given names
- Lists of most common surnames, for other continents
Notes
[edit]- ^ The Lithuanian language has different endings for surnames for men and women. The ending of a woman's surname indicates whether she is married or not. Last names of married women end in -ienė while those of unmarried girls end in -ytė, -iūtė, -utė, -aitė.[citation needed]
References
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- ^ Names 2018 nsi.bg
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The most common surname in the Czech Republic is Novák, which is closest to the English "Newman".
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- ^ In northern Germany, the alternative form 'Möller' is more common;
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- ^ Heterographs: Meier, which is common to the north, like Meyer, and Mayer, which is commoner to the south. All forms taken collectively would be #2 surname
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- ^ Retrieved 23 September 2008. Registration required.
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- ^ Maxia, Mauro (18 November 2019). "Le origini dei cognomi sardi, il primo Sanna aveva i canini affilati come zanne" [The origins of Sardinian surnames, the first Sanna had fang-like canine teeth]. La Nuova Sardegna (in Italian). Retrieved 22 January 2021.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Latvians". li.lv. 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
- ^ Latvian Surname Project http://www.celmina.com/surnames
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- ^ a b c Significant surnames ucl.ac.uk